Baby Formula

Baby Formula Review Part 1

Vegetable Oils, Oxidation and Solvent Extraction

Please speak to your doctor, psychiatrist or paediatrician with regards to the most beneficial formula for your baby. There is no universal “best” formula! Every baby is different, which means different babies will thrive on different formulas. I’m just breaking down what some of the ingredients mean, so it can help you make an informed choice.

Why vegetable oils? The human infant was designed to consume a high-fat diet.  Roughly 50% of the calories in breast milk come from fat. The purpose of infant formula is to approximate the nutritional content of breast milk as closely as possible.

Baby formulas all contain a blend of different fats and oils to provide the infant with a fatty acid composition similar to that of breast milk.  The most common oils are palm olein oil, soy oil, coconut oil, high oleic sunflower oil & high oleic safflower oil. They can all be in different combinations.

What about lipid oxidation? (also known as rancidity). PUFAs (Polyunsaturated fatty acids) are susceptible to oxidation both during processing and storage. It is only the PUFA’s which are of concern. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids contain two or more double bonds and it is these double bonds which are prone to oxidation. The risk of oxidation increases with the number of double bonds present in the fatty acid. A diet with more unsaturated versus saturated fats is important because unsaturated fats are necessary for the body. Soybean, sunflower, safflower, flaxseed all have a higher oxidation than coconut oil.

It is possible to delay oxidation by adding antioxidants that are being oxidised. When you couple unsaturated fats with fat soluble antioxidants and vitamins such as A,E,D and K. These offset the oxidation upon consumption of any PUFA’s.

What about solvent extraction? Infant formulas are heavily regulated. FSANZ regulates Australian infant formulas. There are some concerns given to the solvent extraction methods surrounding seed oils used in baby formula. Commonly, seed oils are extracted using Hexane. The effects of consuming foods that contain hexane extracted ingredients are unknown. However, Hexane is a known neurotoxin.

As described by FSANZ (Food standards Australia and NZ), The oil seeds are stripped and the solvent is removed using a desolventizer-toaster. Despite the stripping process, it is possible for a tiny amount of residual solvent to be left behind. All oilseeds and oilseed products must comply with the maximum residue levels (MRLs) listed in both the FSANZ Food Standards Code and the APVMA MRL Standard (maximum residue limits in food and animal feedstuffs). In Australia, the government limits are 20ppm. (Parts per million) allowable limits for food.

Manufacturing plants have to stand up to intense safety and monitoring controls and keep rigorous records for every batch of formula made, and all testing results. However, they are bound by their maximum residue limits MRL so a product can still contain this and be deemed acceptable.

Under Australian certified organic standards, Hexane extraction is listed as a PROHIBITED solvent to use for extraction. The only way to avoid the possibility of baby formula containing Hexane contamination is to buy a certified organic brand that has the bud label.

Baby Formula Review Part 2 Organic Formula and Heavy metals

Whatever choice you make to feed your baby, you want to give them the very best you can and for some parents, that means choosing organic. All infant formulas are closely monitored by the FSANZ to make sure they adhere to certain nutritional standards, but organic baby formulas have to meet further stringent federal guidelines to earn a certified stamp.

Why Organic? In the early stages of life, children consume more food per unit of their body weight than an adult, which makes them more susceptible to absorbing chemicals in their food. Babies’ immune systems are not fully developed, or are their organs, renal system, or digestive systems. That’s why, unlike adults who can process a lot of inorganic additives in food, it can be more problematic for babies.

When you purchase organic formula you are immediately removing:* Sources of Non-GMO* Pesticide residues* Synthetic chemicals or processes* Pastures where cattle are raised aren’t sprayed with synthetic pesticides* Soil isn’t treated with synthetic fertilisers* Animals aren’t treated with antibiotics and if so, are quarantined for a period of 6 months.* Animals aren’t injected with growth hormones.* Animals aren’t fed with genetically modified grain, corn or soy (GMOs)* Hexane solvents cannot be used to extract vegetable oils, DHA or ARA.

The two logos to look out for are Australian certified organic NASSA National Association for Sustainable Agriculture Australia, which provides certification services to the organic industry, in Australia and internationally, or ACO Australian Certified Organic. The ACO has some of the strictest organic standards in the world.

Some organic formula brands use glucose and corn syrup solids as their source of carbohydrates versus lactose, which is the carb source in breast milk. Ideally, we want to avoid these, which is why reading the label is SO important.

Parents may consider buying organic to help minimise long term exposure to chemicals and pesticides over time. If your baby is exclusively formula fed as opposed to partially formula fed.

Unfortunately, infant formula, organic or not, can still contain traces of heavy metals. FSANZ has maximum residue levels (MRLs) as set out below as an example for Aluminium. More details can be found on their website.

Certain foods absorb more heavy metals than others during the growing process, either through the soil or water. The use of pesticides and fertilises in commercial farming methods increases the heavy metal content in the soil, which is then reflected in the crop in which cattle eat or the crop itself is grown.

It is so important to ensure all baby foods, including infant formula, are found to be below the detectable limit and compliant with Australian food safety guidelines. FSANZ. Buying Organic ensures third party testing. These days, most certified products do also include a heavy metal test report and a microbiology report as part of their testing, which you can request as a consumer.

This is an example of what the clause in the legislation looks like:Infant formula product, other than a pre-term formula or soy-based formula product, must contain no more than 0.05 mg of aluminium per 100 mL.(2) Pre-term formula must contain no more than 0.02 mg of aluminium per 100 mL.(3) Soy-based formula must contain no more than 0.1 mg of aluminium per 100 mL.

This example is to show you that, despite being organic formula, heavy metals are naturally occurring and exist in the soil, air and water all around us. This is another reason I feel organic is the better choice, because we don’t want to contribute to any increased levels of metal with pesticides.

Rice-based formulas may be more susceptible to arsenic contamination because of the groundwater it is grown in compared to other crops. Always be weary of rice formulas and rice additives due to the high arsenic content.

Its mind-blowing to think that heavy metals in foods, particularly those fed to newborns, can affect our most precious and vulnerable young children at the most critical stage of their development. Infant foods/formula should be monitored regularly and checked for contamination by toxic metals.

Infants are potentially more sensitive to environmental contaminants such as toxic heavy metals because of their significant higher absorption of contaminants than adults and a lower threshold for adverse effects. The developing systems, including nervous system development, of babies are vulnerable to toxic heavy metals, particularly lead. Even at low concentrations of exposure heavy metals bioaccumulate in vital organs and persist in adulthood.

Unfortunately this day and age heavy metals are a part of modern life and many mothers have heavy metals already in their system that are passed onto a nursing baby. Mother’s can uptake via contaminated air, food, and drinking water, heavy metals can even be generational. It’s OK to ask formula companies questions, particularly when it comes to heavy metals and the testing they do to ensure their product is safe!

Baby Formula Review Part 3Cows MilkGoats MilkWhey and CaseinHydrolysed WheyPartially Hydrolysed Whey

Cows milk protein-Milk protein (both human and cow) is made of two groups of protein: Casein and Whey.Whey empties the stomach faster, and casein is more “reactive”. If you (or your baby) has an allergy or sensitivity to dairy protein, it may have to do with the casein protein, not the whey.Partially Hydrolysed Whey Protein: Whey protein comes from cow’s milk, which is one of the most common food allergies in children. Allergic reactions can include diarrhea, hives and swelling of the lips.Some formulas have a whey and casein blend that is partially hydrolysed, while others may have 100% whey protein that is hydrolysed.The individual proteins that compose human breast milk casein and whey are not the same as the individual proteins that compose cow’s milk casein and whey.Cow’s milk protein is 20% whey and 80% casein while human milk is 60% whey and 40% casein.Look for the words “partially hydrolysed” before the protein on the list of ingredients.Hydrolysis chops up large proteins into smaller, more easily digestible pieces.Protein can be partially or fully hydrolyzed into super small pieces.Partially hydrolysed protein may help prevent atopic disease, food allergy, and type 1 diabetes in babies who are at risk for these diseases.

Goats milk protein Goats milk contains the highest concentration of whey protein of all milks.A study found that goat’s milk has almost double the amount of whey protein than cows cow’s milk. To account for this, goat milk baby formulas adapt their protein to be safe and suitable for little ones and, they also will add whey to balance this out.Goats milk also contains pure A2 beta-casein protein, which is naturally easier to digest and less likely to cause inflammation.Goats milk is higher in some vitamins and minerals, cow’s milk has more folic acid and B12 than goat milk. This doesn’t matter much for formula though, because all formulas are fortified so they include the right balance of vitamins & minerals to mimic breast milk.Goats milk also contains the full profile of amino acids. There are twenty amino acids which act as the building blocks of protein, nine of which are essential amino acids that our bodies cannot produce. Goat milk is packed with antioxidants to relieve digestive issues. Goat milk protein generally forms a smaller, softer, and looser curd in the gut than cow milk, and goat milk protein curds are broken down faster than those from cow milk protein.

Baby Formula review Part 4DHAARA

DHASCO is extracted from the non-photosynthetic marine micro-algae Crypthecodinium cohnii and ARASCO is extracted from the common soil fungus Mortierella alpina.  Neither C. cohnii nor M. alpina are known to be pathogenic to humans or other mammals and specific studies of the biomass from both organisms have confirmed the absence of any toxin production.ARA extracted fatty acids from the fungus DHA from algae, both extracted using Hexane. Granted GRAS status in 2001 by the FDAA, a lot of baby formulas have ARA and DHA although it’s not required. They are not considered essential fatty acids.Premature babies have a really hard time making these fatty acids, so it could be something to look for if your baby is preterm. It’s also important to newborns. Breastmilk has a lot of DHA and babies absorb a lot of DHA from the mother before birth.Once babies start eating solids, they should gain enough AHA and DHA from their diet alone.The extracted oils are typically added to infant formula up to a maximum level of 1.25 % each of formula fat, which corresponds to a maximum level of 0.5% each of ARA and DHA. This level of supplementation equates to a maximum intake of about 70 – 85 mg each of DHASCO and ARASCO/kg bw/day.Once absorbed, DHA and ARA are largely unavailable for oxidation. The antioxidant function of vitamin E is a critical addition for the prevention of oxidation of tissue.Fish oil contains large amounts of the omega-3 LCPUFAs (long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) but minimal amounts of omega-6 LCPUFAs, therefore, fish oil is typically used in combination with another LCPUFA source to supply the ARA. Some formula brands use Tuna. (Tuna can contain heavy metals)

The process for extraction of oil is basically the same as that used in conventional vegetable oil processing plants. The oil is extracted from the biomass by blending the biomass with hexane in a continuous extraction process. The extracted oil is separated from the de-oiled solids and the clarified miscella is desolventised under vacuum and winterised to remove the more highly saturated oil fractions. The winterised oil is then refined, bleached and deodorised using standard procedures. The deodorised DHASCO is then diluted to a standard 40% DHA concentration by the addition of high oleic sunflower oil and mixed with antioxidants – tocopherols (0.025%) and ascorbyl palmitate (0.025%). The DHA-l rich oil produced is a free flowing liquid, which is orange in colour as a result of carotenes co-extracting with the oil.FSANZ Food standards Australia and NZ allow MRL (Maximum residue levels) of Hexane ppm 0.3max for DHA and ARA.ARA extracted fatty acids from fungus, DHA from algae are both extracted using Hexane unless extracted under certified organic practices.Both ARA and DHA are found in fairly high and variable amounts in human breast milk, and help baby’s brain and eye development.  Formulas with these fatty acids added can be beneficial for babies under 6 months and especially if the baby is preterm. It’s not as important for babies over 6 months of age, especially when they start solids.

Part 5

Vitamins and Minerals

This area was definitely the hardest because there just isn’t a lot of information out there on vitamins and minerals in formulas.

I do know that vitamins and minerals are regulated, meaning all formulas are made up and MUST contain the below set of Vitamins, minerals or electrolytes, which are:

VITAMINS

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Vitamin C

Thiamin

Riboflavin

Niacin

Vitamin B6

Folate

Pantothenic acid

Vitamin B12

Biotin

Vitamin E

Vitamin K.

MINERALS

Sodium

Potassium

Chloride

Calcium

Phosphorus

Magnesium

Iron

Iodine

Copper

Zinc

Manganese

Selenium

Molybdenum

Chromium

There is also very little variation in the vitamin and mineral content of baby formula as in Australia these are regulated by FSANZ and the INC (Infant Nutrition council). It is called Mandatory fortification. The only formula different to this is soy-based baby formula, which MUST contain several more minerals because the phytate in soy keeps these minerals from being absorbed well.

I did find out that the only variations that occur within the vitamin and mineral content is the type of vitamin of mineral they use. For example, Vitamin C can be known as:L-ascorbic acidL-ascorbyl palmitatecalcium ascorbatepotassium ascorbatesodium ascorbat, so formula companies, at their discretion, can add which version they like. As an example, vitamin C, most companies choose to use sodium ascorbate. This formulation contains both calcium (at 100 mg) and ascorbate (at 900 mg). It causes less gastric irritation than ascorbic acid formation while maintaining an equal antioxidant capacity.

To eliminate unnecessary cost for industry, mandatory maximum levels are prescribed only for those vitamins and minerals which are considered to pose a significant risk to infants if consumed in excess. Guidelines are included to provide manufacturers with guidance as to these recommended maximum levels and the implementation of these guidelines is expected to occur by Good Manufacturing Practice.

Part 6

Nucleotides

On top of the standard essential compositions of vitamins, minerals and electrolights, manufacturers often add other substances to formula products, claiming that they bring additional nutritional benefit on various aspects. Choline, taurine and nucleotides are some of the examples.

Nucleotides are actually the building blocks of your DNA and RNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, and thymine, with a sugar molecule attached.  They serve many other functions in the body besides building DNA. They are also found in relatively high concentrations in human breast milk.  Some research in very small infants has suggested that feeding nucleotides helped these infants mount a proper immune response.  They are considered very safe for infants to consume.  Since nucleotides are found in human milk, infant formula companies have been adding them to formula since the 1990’s.Look for them on the list of ingredients as: Nucleotides orNucleotides (Adenosine 5’-Monophosphate, Cytidine 5’-Monophosphate, Disodium Guanosine 5’-Monophosphate, Disodium Uridine 5’-MonophosphateNot every formula contains nucleotides. Organic formulas are often missing nucleotides and DHA.The maximum permitted total 5′ -monophosphate nucleotide content of 3.8 mg/100 kJ as recommended in the Life Sciences Research Office (LSRO) report.The word ‘gold’ is often used in the product title of infant formulas suitable for term infants, (as sold in Australia and New Zealand) to differentiate products that contain added LCPUFA (long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) and, in some cases, other optional substances such as nucleotides.  The cost of these infant formulas is greater than for formulas that do not contain LCPUFA. (Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids)Permission is given to voluntarily add carnitine, taurine, choline, inositol and specific nucleotides to infant formula. The maximum permitted content of these substances in infant formula is regulated, as is the minimum claimable level.Choline, inositol and L-carnitine are permitted as optional nutritive substances in addition to infant formula products.Choline is found in a number of forms in human milk, and the choline content of human milk is influenced by maternal choline intake. It is synthesised in the body, and the extent to which it is a required dietary component under normal circumstances is unclear. Choline serves as the precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidyl choline (PC), the main phospholipid in the brain, liver and other tissues. PC plays a role in normal membrane composition and signaling processes, lipid metabolism, and normal brain development.Inositol is an essential growth factor which is synthesised in the body but may need to be provided in the diet under certain conditions. Inositol is present in high concentrations in human milk and decreases over the course of lactation. Inositol levels in blood are high among neonates, leading to the suggestion that inositol plays an important role in early development and, as the amount of endogenous synthesis in infants is unknown,L-Carnitine is the generic term used for a number of compounds that include L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and propionyl-L-carnitine. L-carnitine plays a critical role in energy production and is concentrated in tissues like skeletal and cardiac muscle. The body makes sufficient L-carnitine to meet the needs of most people. However, some individuals, including pre-term infants, cannot make enough and L-carnitine must be supplied in the diet. Cows’ milk contains more L-carnitine than human milk.Taurine is a free amino acid found abundantly in human milk and in only small amounts in cows’ milk. Most infant formulas are enriched with taurine, although it is an optional ingredient. Interestingly, taurine has been added to formula for many years because it was found in human milk.

Part 7

Carbohydrates

Probiotics/probiotics

Oligosaccharides

Nutritionally, there are three monosaccharides that make up all carbohydrates: glucose, fructose, and galactose. When glucose and galactose join together, they create lactose. Lactose is the main carbohydrate in human breast milk, cow’s milk, and in most milk-based infant formulas.

Carbohydrates provide energy (calories) for the brain tissues, muscles, and other organs.

Lactose is an interesting disaccharide, because infants are able to digest it due to the release of an enzyme called lactase. Lactase breaks the bond between glucose and galactose, both of which can be absorbed into the body. Most infants can easily tolerate lactose unless diagnosed with a condition called galactosemia in which an infant cannot consume lactose from breast milk or standard infant formula. Galactosemia is an inability to produce energy from galactose, and so levels in the blood rise. This can have severe consequences if not diagnosed.

(GOS) Galacto-oligosaccharides are derived from the lactose in cows milk. Prebiotics are defined as non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by stimulating the growth and/or activity of beneficial bacteria in the colon. It also has immunity strengthening properties. GOS has a beneficial effect on the gastro-intestinal microflora. It has an incentive effect on Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. They increase the amount/ relative proportion of microflora bacteria that are beneficial for health. They are not digested and reach the colon where they’re used by selected groups of microflora positive bacteria, specifically bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.

These are additional extras some formula companies are now choosing to add to their formulas to make a point of being different. The addition of pre or probiotics is not mandated.

Glycoconjugates are carbohydrates bound to protein or lipid molecules. These molecules are important for the infants’ innate immune response. A well known example of a glycoconjugate is lactoferrin, a molecule that serves as a bacteriocide and fungicide by hydrolyzing its RNA.) Lactoferrin also serves as a stimulant to small intestine maturation in the newborn.

Well that’s all very scientific, but when looking for the right carbohydrates in formula, Lactose would be the first option to look for. Ideally, we want to avoid carbohydrates from corn syrup solids, maltodextrin, glucose syrup, or sucrose. In plant-based formula, carbohydrates can look like rice starch or a dried glucose syrup.

As per FSANZ the carbohydrate source in infant formula does not include any provision as to the source of the carbohydrate used. Formula companies are guided as to the type of digestible carbohydrate. However, this is not mandatory. Most formula companies in Australia and New Zealand are not adding the likes of sucrose etc to infant formula, BUT it is still very important to read your labels.

Part 8

Soy-based formulas

Soy formula may not suit all babies. Here are some things to consider before choosing a soy-based formula. Please consult your doctor, paediatrician or nutritionist prior to considering soy as your infant formula.Soy contains large amounts of phytate, which is a molecule that can bind to certain minerals and sequester them ( hold them hostage) so that a baby’s intestines can’t absorb them.  For this reason, soy-based baby formulas have to contain more minerals than those made from cow’s milk in order to ensure babies get enough minerals to grow.  You will often see that Soy contains more of 10 minerals, all minerals except Copper and Selenium.There are possible concerns for early onset of puberty in females and alterations in the development of breast tissue later in life.When comparing infants that were fed soy formula versus infants that were fed cows milk formula, NIEHS scientists and their collaborators found that soy formula girls displayed larger wombs and vaginal cell changes. The researchers suggest these tissues are sensitive to the estrogen-like compounds found in soy.Other research by NIEHS scientists suggests that infant girls fed soy formula are more likely to develop severe menstrual pain as young adults.Soy-based formula can contain higher amounts of zinc than standard formula. Some suggest that minimum amounts for certain minerals in soy-based infant formula should consider the phytic acid content of soy proteins and the potential for reduced availability of minerals. FSANZ reports that recently EFSA (2014) noted studies show that reduction of phytic acid content completely or even by around half in ready-to-feed formula improves zinc absorption.

🔹Typically, aluminium in soy-based infant formula does test higher than milk-based infant formula.

🔹 Breastfed babies absorb 60% of the calcium in breast milk.  Babies fed cow’s milk-based formula absorb roughly 55% of the calcium if the formula does not contain any palm olein oil, and 40% of the calcium if the formula does contain palm olein oil. It’s even worse for soy-based formulas.  If the soy-based formula contains no palm olein oil, the baby will absorb roughly 35% of the calcium.  If the formula does contain palm olein oil, then calcium absorption drops to an low to 20%.

🔹The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has stated that soy formula should never be the sole source of nutrition for premature infants. Because these babies have an even greater need for minerals than healthy term infants, the inhibitors in soy formula can make it impossible for them to absorb enough minerals to grow properly.

🔹Lecithin, commonly from soy, may be added for reasons such as to dry infant formula powders for easier dispersion in water, or to the oil blend during the manufacture of infant formula to stabilise the oil droplets during emulsification of the oil blend with the proteins. Soy and other vegetable lecithins are mostly composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Cow phospholipids naturally present in milk and milk ingredients are composed of sphingomyelin (SM), PC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), similar to that of human milk.

🔹If choosing soy ensure it is made with non-GMO soy proteins.

🔹Check the source of carbohydrate- may be dried glucose syrup or corn syrup solids which are sweeteners. Imagine your baby having sweetener in every feed spiking their blood sugar. Maltodextrin is another ingredient to avoid.

🔹The safety of soy infant formula has been debated because it contains isoflavones. Isoflavones are naturally occurring compounds found in beans and other legumes, including soybeans, peanuts, and chickpeas.The primary isoflavones found in soy products, including tofu, soy milk and soy formula, are genistein, daidzein, and to a smaller extent, glycitein. These isoflavones are referred to as phytoestrogens because they are found in plants (phyto) and because of their ability to act like the Hormone estrogen in the body.

🔹It is recognized that infants go through developmental stages that are sensitive to estrogens. Therefore, infants are more likely than adults to be vulnerable to the estrogen-like effects of the phytoestrogens in soy. In some cases, the health effects resulting from a soy-based diet may not be apparent until years later.

Part 9
Marketing formula “gold” or “advanced” labelling

When parents are standing at the supermarket and staring at rows upon rows of formula, it can feel somewhat overwhelming about how to choose the right formula for their baby.

We can be swayed by certain colours, logos or wording, such as gold or gold+, organic or grass-fed. Parents just want the best product to meet the nutritional needs of their baby.

🔹Gold infant formulas do not contain more iron than standard infant formulas. There can be some small variations between manufacturer to manufacturer, but gold baby formulas do not contain more iron than standard formula. Both gold and standard infant formulas contain the right amount of iron for your baby.
🔹Gold infant formulas contain all the nutrients in the amounts that the infant formula regulations specify that they MUST have FSANZ (Food standards Australia and New Zealand). They also contain ingredients that the formula regulations state MAY be added to infant formula.
🔹Gold infant formula will be nutritionally complete and balanced and will contain everything a baby requires to grow and thrive, but it will also contain additional ingredients which MAY provide additional benefits.
🔹Baby formula may also contain additional ingredients allowable under the Standard, such as prebiotics (which help with gut bacteria) and omega fats, reflecting the growing body of evidence that their inclusion may be beneficial for normal infant growth and development.
Additional extras listed under the gold label may include:
🔹Omega 3 oil ARA and Omega 6 Oil DHA
🔹Probiotics or prebiotics
🔹Nucleotides

It is still so important to read the label, the inclusion of these “gold+ or advanced” ingredients do not mean the formula is any better. Remember ALL formulas are made up of the standard carbohydrates, fats, and protein for growth and development, including the set standard vitamins, minerals and electronics.

🔹Refer back to Part two of Organic and Heavy metals as to why I advocate for organic baby formula.

 

Recommended brands
The post we have ALL been waiting for! Number ten! If your still following along, well done, there is a lot of information on formulas and I’ve thoroughly enjoyed researching it and sharing the information to hopefully make it a little less confusing. I’ve now completed a list of recommended brands in the following categories. In no particular order:

ORGANIC
🔹Bubs Organic Grass Fed AUS
🔹Nutura organics AUS
🔹Karicare Gold Plus+ Organic made in NZ with NZ cows milk
🔹Aptamil Essensis Organic A2. NZ
🔹CUB coles organic formula AUS.
🔹Ocean Road Organic A2 AUS
🔹Holle organic GOATS milk formula Palm oil free 🇨🇭
🔹Bellamy’s Organic & Beta Genica 8- Cows milk CHINA AUS

GOATS MILK-non organic
🔹Little Oak Goat Milk Palm oil free NZ
🔹Oli6 Goat formula AUS.
🔹Bubs Australian Goats Milk AUS

GRASS FED COWS
🔹Mumamoo AUS
🔹Care A2+ AUS
🔹Munchkin Hexane free DHA. NZ

NON ORGANIC – Cows milk formula
🔹A2 Platnium NZ
🔹Blackmores formula AUS
🔹Bubs Australian Goats Milk AUS
🔹Natures way Kid smart formula

PLANT BASED
🔹Sprout organic 🇦🇺 (Worlds first vegan formula)

SOY
🔹There are currently no Australian or New Zealand ORGANIC soy formulas. I wouldn’t recommend soy, unless it was organic.

I have tried to include a mixture of popular supermarket brands and also more affordable brands, so you don’t feel that choosing organic is outside your budget. If you would like any further information, please send me a DM.